Market Research :: Business and Management Studies

Statistical surveying Getting some answers concerning what buyers need and need, and what makes them purchase, is called MARKET RESEARCH. Statistical surveying is the way toward picking up data about clients, contenders and market slants through gathering essential and auxiliary information. Why Research the Market? Organizations that are item orientated hazard spending a lot of cash propelling an item, which could be a disappointment. Research the market decreases this hazard. It centers research and plan exertion onto items, which have a possibility of accomplishment in the commercial center. At the point when the item is propelled, a deliberately investigated item stands less possibility of falling flat. Statistical surveying endeavors to discover the responses to questions a business might have about its market. This data is gathered by means of work area research and field examine. The data is then gathered and examined. The business at that point chooses about what to do in the light of the data framed. Work area Research Work area RESEARCH includes the utilization of SECONDARY DATA. This is data that is accessible, both inside and outside the business: Inside Sources is, for example, deals solicitations, reports and records. Government is distributed insights, for example, purchaser spending figures; reports, for example, Monopolies and Mergers Commission Reports. The Media is reports in papers, magazines, on radio and on TV. Exchange Associations is measurements or reports distributed by national associations, for example, the TUC, the CBI or offices of business, or industry affiliations, for example, the Engineering Employers Federation or the National Farmers Union. Research Organizations is reports arranged by expert market inquire about associations, for example, Mintel or Mori; articles distributed in scholastic diaries, for example, college diaries. Field Research FIELD RESEARCH includes the assortment of PRIMARY DATA is data which nobody has yet gathered. It is gathered for the specific bit of research through direct examination, that is, perception, overview and test.

Arroz Con Coco

Arroz Con Coco There are parcels and heaps of Hispanic kind nourishments. What’s your preferred Hispanic sort food? Mines is the well known â€Å"arroz con coco†. Many individuals love that dish. Presently let me disclose to you why I love it to such an extent. Before I begin clarifying my reasons, I wager your thinking†¦ What the hell is â€Å"arroz con coco†? Well essentially it is only â€Å"rice with coconut†. Indeed, coconut strange blend I know. In any case, I’m accustomed to it; I’ve been eating it since I resembled born.I surmise that’s why I love it to such an extent. My grandmother makes it the best. To me nobody can do it in the same class as she does. Arroz con coco is simply comprised of two cups of coconut milk (either new or canned), two cups of long-grain rice, one teaspoon of salt, five ounces of Panela or†¦ only eight tbsp. of crude pure sweetener, four cups of water lastly 1/3 cup of raisins(optional). All that make up a being plate of deliciousness.Off the Caribbean coast, Colombia, Venezuela, Panama, and Puerto Rico. Arroz con coco is a regular side dish for fries. Be that as it may, make it somewhat unique. It is likewise served in places like Thailand and southern locales of India. Obviously every nation does it there own uncommon way. In my family they cook arroz con coco each social affair, each occasion, event, everything. What's more, everyone adores it. You should attempt it sometime in the future, if not your going to pass up a great deal .

Is Scholarship Displacement a Real Risk to Financial Aid

What is Scholarship Displacement?Scholarship displacement, sometimes called over-award by colleges, can impact need-based financial aid awards in the package from their school, even if the scholarship (or scholarships) dont cover all of their expenses.To help you understand this controversial approach to financial aid, including some recent changes depending on your state, heres what you need to know.Why Scholarship Displacement OccursMany colleges argue that, when your child receives a scholarship, their need changes. For example, if your student is awarded a $1,000 scholarship, the school may determine that their need has correspondingly been reduced by $1,000.Usually, this occurs if your child is deemed over-awarded, meaning that the combination of their scholarship and initial financial aid package offering exceeds the total cost of attending (COA) the school. If that occurs, the college may decide to give the $1,000 institutional grant they had originally earmarked for your chil d to someone else who still has an unmet need.However, not all schools reduce grants first.What Kind of Aid is Reduced?It is important to note that, according to the National Association of Scholarship Providers, Certain types of federal aid, such as the Federal Pell Grant, are not subject to the over-award regulations and are never reduced.Here is the exact text in the legislation: (2) If the students total amount of estimated financial assistance still exceeds his or her need by more than $300, as recalculated pursuant to paragraph (d)(1) of this section, the institution shall cancel any undisbursed loan or grant (other than a Federal Pell Grant).In most cases, lessening what they can apply for in student loans before reducing other types of aid is common practice. Next, if there arent any more loans to reduce and your child still has aid in-excess of the total cost of attendance, they can reduce work-study allotments before impacting grants.Duke University follows this practice, reducing student loan and work-study amounts before grants. Heres what one financial aid officer at Duke had to say:For a Duke student receiving outside scholarships (and need-based aid); the outside scholarship money is used first to replace any loans or work-study the student has been offered. If the outside scholarship exceeds the amount of loans and work-study offered, it will then begin to reduce the institutional grants and scholarships (not federal grant such as Pell).And Duke, by far, isnt the only school that manages scholarship displacement in that matter.So in this situation, the school should take from loans first, work study second, grants or other monies last.Is This a Clear-Cut Rule? Winning a scholarship is a wonderful feeling. Even if it doesnt cover all of the costs associated with your childs college, it makes it easier for other financial aid, like grants, to cover the rest. The one potential downfall, which we often receive questions about, is scholarship displacement.What is Scholarship Displacement?Scholarship displacement, sometimes called over-award by colleges, can impact need-based financial aid awards in the package from their school, even if the scholarship (or scholarships) dont cover all of their expenses.To help you understand this controversial approach to financial aid, including some recent changes depending on your state, heres what you need to know.Why Scholarship Displacement OccursMany colleges argue that, when your child receives a scholarship, their need changes. For example, if your student is awarded a $1,000 scholarship, the school may determine that their need has correspondingly been reduced by $1,000.Usually, this occurs if your ch ild is deemed over-awarded, meaning that the combination of their scholarship and initial financial aid package offering exceeds the total cost of attending (COA) the school. If that occurs, the college may decide to give the $1,000 institutional grant they had originally earmarked for your child to someone else who still has an unmet need.However, not all schools reduce grants first.What Kind of Aid is Reduced?It is important to note that, according to the National Association of Scholarship Providers, Certain types of federal aid, such as the Federal Pell Grant, are not subject to the over-award regulations and are never reduced.Here is the exact text in the legislation: (2) If the students total amount of estimated financial assistance still exceeds his or her need by more than $300, as recalculated pursuant to paragraph (d)(1) of this section, the institution shall cancel any undisbursed loan or grant (other than a Federal Pell Grant).In most cases, lessening what they can apply for in student loans before reducing other types of aid is common practice. Next, if there arent any more loans to reduce and your child still has aid in-excess of the total cost of attendance, they can reduce work-study allotments before impacting grants.Duke University follows this practice, reducing student loan and work-study amounts before grants. Heres what one financial aid officer at Duke had to say:For a Duke student receiving outside scholarships (and need-based aid); the outside scholarship money is used first to replace any loans or work-study the student has been offered. If the outside scholarship exceeds the amount of loans and work-study offered, it will then begin to reduce the institutional grants and scholarships (not federal grant such as Pell).And Duke, by far, isnt the only school that manages scholarship displacement in that matter.So in this situation, the school should take from loans first, work study second, grants or other monies last.Is This a Clear-Cut Rule?Nothing about scholarship displacement is black and white. While its hard to determine exactly how prevalent scholarship displacement is among colleges, you cant call it rare.There are gray areas in the federal laws that dictate how schools must address scholarship funds when determining what to offer in a students financial aid package.Yes, scholarships must be considering when calculating their financial assistance; however, according to 34 CFR 673.5(c)(2)(iii),(2)The Secretary does not consider as estimated financial assistance (iii)Those amounts used to replace EFC, including the amounts of any TEACH Grants, unsubsidized Federal Stafford or Direct Loans, Federal PLUS or Federal Direct PLUS Loans, and non-federal non-need-based loans, including private, state-sponsored, and institutional loans. However, if the sum of the amounts received that are being used to replace the students EFC actually exceed the EFC, the excess amount must be treated as estimated financial assistan ce;This means financial aid offices have the ability to reclassify the unsubsidized loans as a replacement to your childs EFC. If reclassifying the amount gets their total financial assistance below the COA, they should be in the clear.Still, this means they do have carte blanche to act as they please (in most states.. keep reading).In most cases, you can find out in advance whether a particular college uses scholarship displacement. The information may be accessible through the schools website, likely in a section that discusses financial aid, or your child may need to contact the financial aid office directly for information.If your child discovers that scholarship displacement could negatively affect them, usually through the reduction of institutional grants, they need to evaluate if this changes which school they would like to attend. It affects the overall affordability of getting an education at that particular college, so its important that your student take this into consid eration when applying or choosing to attend a specific school.Want more information about student loans so you and your child can make informed decisions with them? Check out:Is Student Loan Debt Really Such a Bad Thing?How Do Student Loans Work? A Step-by-Step GuideDo All Colleges Use Scholarship Displacement?The simple answer is no, not all colleges displace other financial aid if your child receives a scholarship.In fact, the practice of scholarship displacement has recently been banned in Maryland at public institutions!But, its important to understand that it can occur, largely at the discretion of the school. Additionally, your child might not find out that they are subject to scholarship displacement until after they have been accepted to the college and a financial aid package has been created.However, scholarship displacement will only take place if your student is considered over-awarded and the school participates in the practice. This means that if there is still an unme t need after the scholarship and full benefits package is received, then it is unlikely that the school will reduce their award.Can You Fight Back Against Scholarship Displacement?If you think your childs financial aid was reduced due to scholarship displacement, you are likely wondering if there is anything you can do.While there is no guarantee that a college will adjust your childs financial aid, that doesnt mean they shouldnt ask if scholarship displacement played a role and if the decision can be changed.Sometimes, simply calling the school and making a case as to why they should reconsider can yield positive results, such as asking them to reduce the student loan amount your child is eligible for instead of a grant award, or reclassifying the student loan like mentioned above.Additionally, your student may be able to have their total cost of attendance adjusted by including details on their actual projected expenses instead of those from a standard estimate. In some cases, thi s will increase the dollar amount associated with their education for that year, taking them out of the over-awarded category.So, if your student thinks scholarship displacement affected their other awards, have them get on the phone! It never hurts to ask, particularly since it can lead to more financial aid, so encourage them to make the call and see what the school has to say.Further, issues of scholarship displacement can become less relevant if your student can get all of their costs (including living expenses) covered by scholarships. It is possible to have the entirety of your childs education covered by scholarships, at times with funds to spare that can be spent on food, transportation, and even entertainment.Scholarships are Still Worth Pursuing!So, until your child is over-awarded, and even after if they can make a good case for themselves, it is still extremely beneficial to secure scholarships for college.If you and your child would like to learn more about how to pay f or college with scholarships, sign up for our free college scholarship webinar! Its a great way to learn about the scholarship process, identify opportunities, and how your student avoid debt while pursuing their education!Sources:https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/34/673.5https://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?c=ecfrSID=89d5048ebca12c33e51192c59f9901eargn=div8view=textnode=34:3.1.3.1.36.2.39.3idno=34http://www.finaid.org/scholarships/overawardregs.phtml

The Effects Of Industrialization On English Towns Essay

Hard Times symbolizes the negative effects of industrialization on English towns (Coketown in the story) including education. Charles Dickens was born in 1812, and was a contemporary of the Industrial Revolution. Industries were growing by leaps and bounds; bringing with it pollution, social imbalance and individual confusion. Dickens was rather poor and had no proper education. At the age of 12 he worked in Warren’s Blacking Factory attaching labels to bottles. He labored hard to educate himself and wrote novels to make a decent living. He, like the people of Coketown, had no time for idle fancy. Education for the general population was rote learning with little to no encouragement for creativity. The people of Coketown had no joy. Dickens brought out the dehumanizing aspects of industrialization. English factories were destroying the landscape. Economic power that was arising from them was changing the social order of the country. Some of the English were becoming we althy while others poor. His repeated use of the word â€Å"same† and the phrase â€Å"like one another† reveal both the monotony of Coketown and the drudgery of its inhabitants. Education too for the most was monotonous. A daily dose of fact and reason. The moral vision of Hard Times is dark and dismal. He brings into focus the concepts of education, happiness, progress, industrialization and economic advantage. He develops the theme that it was the responsibility of parents to get their sons into aShow MoreRelated2002 Ap Euro Dbq: Manchester Essay1067 Words   |  5 PagesThe Effects of Industrialization on Manchester, England 1750-1850 England in the 18th and 19th centuries changed dramatically as a result of the Industrial Revolution, which had many effects on the social structure of England and increased the gap between the rich and the poor. Because of this, industrialized English towns such as Manchester were both criticized and admired by poets, politicians, journalists, and outsiders, who were particularly from France. The most powerful points of view wereRead MoreBarrio Boy1441 Words   |  6 PagesAlexandra Ortiz English 120 Professor DiFranco Essay #2 Sacramento Both Ernesto Galarza’s â€Å"Barrio Boy† and Joan Didion’s â€Å"Notes From a Native Daughter† write about Sacramento’s past. Both authors talk about Sacramento during two different time periods. Joan Didion talks about the mid-century and Ernesto Galarza talks about the early 20th century. Although both author’s perspective of Sacramento differs from era to era, there are differences in certain characteristics described by both authorsRead MoreEssay on Industrialization and Utilitarianism in Dickens Hard Times1505 Words   |  7 PagesIndustrialization and Utilitarianism in Dickens Hard Times       Charles Dickens uses his fictitious town in Hard Times to represent the industrialization of England at that time or close to it. Most of this representation, however, isnt accurately described compared the way things really were during industrialization. It is important to remember throughout this paper that not only is Hard Times a work of fiction, it was meant to be a satire, a parody of ideas and ways of thinking atRead MoreFalling Of The Higher Class1320 Words   |  6 PagesAbdul Parwani Mrs. Coleman English 103 23 July 2013 Falling of the Higher Class In William Faulkner’s short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily,† the protagonist, Emily, is a quiet upper-class woman who is disliked by many in her community, mainly due to her awkward behavior and highly respected social status. While the community progresses during the industrial revolution Emily remains a distant relic of the past that refuses to move on. The story exhibits traits of a capitalist community that is based onRead MoreHoward Spodeks Chapter 17 Notes Essay1306 Words   |  6 Pagesiron fields of the English Midlands. o With the new steam engine and the increased availability and quality of iron, the railroad industry was born. o The new locomotives quickly superseded the canal systems of Britain and the United States, which had been built mostly since the 1750s as the favored means of transporting raw materials and bulk goods between industrial cities. o The first transatlantic steamship lines began operation in 1838. THE SECOND STAGE OF INDUSTRIALIZATION, 1860-1914 †¢ SteelRead MoreSimilarities and Differences Between the Romantic Age and the Victorian Period.1210 Words   |  5 Pagessimilarities, but they had far more differences. They first differed in rule: the Romantic Age didn’t have a king or queen, but the Victorian Period did. They were similar and different in writing styles, and beliefs. The Industrial Revolution also had an effect on both time periods. The Romantic Period was from 1784 until 1832. The Romantics brought amore brave, individual, and imaginative approach to both literature and life. During the Romantic Age the individual became more important than society. IndividualismRead MoreThe Romantic Age vs. The Victorian Period Essay1264 Words   |  6 Pagesmany or more differences. They first differed in rule; the Romantic Age didnt have a king or queen, but they did during the Victorian Period. They were similar and different in writing styles, and beliefs. The Industrial Revolution also had a huge effect on b oth time periods. The Romantic Period was from 1784 until 1832, it brought a more brave, individual, and imaginative approach to both literature and life. During this time the individual became more important than society. Individualism becameRead MoreThe World Of Trade And Business, The Industrial Revolution Essay1593 Words   |  7 PagesEurope were transformed and became urban and industrial. Prior to this period that began in Britain; the manufacturing was mainly done in homes through hand tools and other basic machines that were not widely in use (MacLeod). The period of industrialization marked the beginning of a shift to power, specialized machinery, mass production and factories. Among other industries, the iron and textile industries played a major role assisted by the development of the steam engine. These developments sawRead MoreThe Romantic Period Of The Victorian Era1715 Words   |  7 PagesNicole Beltran English IV- C Ms. Gordon 18 March 2015 Research Paper Throughout history, many time periods have been similar and different from each other. People from each time period decide what they want to continue incorporating and what they would like to disregard. The Victorian Era was brought about upon to show rebellion from the Romantic period. The Victorian Era is a reaction against the Romantic Period due to differences in terms of historical influences, effects of science, crisesRead MoreProstitution in Victorian England Essay1245 Words   |  5 PagesJudith Walkowitz’s book Prostitution and Victorian Society: Women, Class, and the State, deals with the social and economic impact that prostitution had on English society in the mid to late 19th century. Throughout her piece Walkowitz illustrates the plight of women who are in the prostitution field and that are working the streets throughout England. She starts with the background of most of the prostitutes in Victorian England then talks about the Contagious Disease Act in 1864 th at attempted

Literary Er Othello By William Shakespeare - 1514 Words

1. Literary Era Othello, by William Shakespeare was a play set in Venice, Italy in the Renaissance Era. This era brought forth an array of new and exciting types of art, plays, and etcetera dealing in entertainment. We also saw the introduction of Elizabethan staging and Shakespearean language which was new to the people in Europe because he wrote for the actors and not the readers and it was complex. You often had to listen to the way the actors performed it to understand the mood and meaning of the play. 2. Setting of Play/Novel As mentioned earlier, this play was set in Venice, Italy and then later Cyprus, an island of love. This play was also written down during the time that many of Shakespeare s other great plays such as Hamlet and†¦show more content†¦Towards the end, his goals change and he s no longer the kind person we knew but has turned into a different person, who not only is cold and distant, because he s let Iago convince him that his wife is unfaithful and the immensity of that pain is too much to handle for him so he does the unthinkable-kills his wife. 4. Major Characters Desdemona- Desdemona is Othello s wife and her goal is to prove to Othello that she loves him. They make a sacrifice by eloping without her father knowing. She stays faithful to Othello the entire time despite his suspicion raised by Iago. She spends the entire time wondering why he s being this way towards her and trying to steer his judgement in the other direction with the help of Emilia. This is to no prevail because she becomes the victim in the end due to the actions of Iago. She serves as a foil to Emilia because their ideals contrast each other. Desdemona has a naà ¯vetà © to her that prevents her from even believing that wives cheat on their husbands while Emilia is sure of it and even believes the blame falls on the husband for the actions of the wife. Cassio- Michael Cassio is a foil to the protagonist, Othello. Both men served in the war but offer different perspectives of it. Cassio represents the smooth, charming and boyish demeanor that attracts women to soldiers while Othello represents more of the backbone, support and wisdom that serves as the foundation of the army. They also

Principal of Professional Communication

Question: Describe about the principal of professional communication. Answer: Week 1 1. The purpose After communicating with all the employees in the organization, Petra Valos has is expecting to make the employees well aware of the fact that the office timing of the company would change considering the convenience of the employees. Considering the nature of communication with the staffs of the organization, it can be stated that Petra Valos has a clear point of view of how the message would be conveyed to the staffs, as the decision regarding the changing time of business is based on the convenience of the employees. After delivering the message, it is expected that some of the employees would prefer this shift timing changes and some would not prefer and thus a conflict would take place. 2. The channel After going through the case study, it can be said that Petra Valos has selected one of the best methods to communicate with the staffs of the organization. Petra Valos has communicated directly with the staffs of the company and this direct approach is helpful in delivering the message to the employees of the organization. Apart from communicating directly with the staffs, Petra Valos could have communicated with the employees through sending the official mails to them. Direct communication in the organization is helpful in conveying the message to the employees that they are valued in the organization. In the technologically advanced area, sending email to the employees is the most appropriate procedure to inform the employees about any organizational changes. Apart from that, it can be mentioned that communicating directly with the employees helps in maintaining enough transparency in the organizational change management procedure. Therefore, it can be stated that to convey the me ssage of office shift timing changing, Petra Valos could have communicated with the employees through forwarding the official emails to them, as this is one of the effective channels of communication. 3. The message The way Petra Valos has expressed the message is convenient enough and this is concisely expressed. The idea of changing the office shift timing has been presented in the best possible manner. However, going through the case study and the procedure of communicating with the employees, it can be stated that the message is designed in a proper manner to meet the need of the receivers. The messages conveyed to the employees of the company are well structured and easy for the understanding of them. 4. Feedback After conveying the message to the employees of the organization, Petra Valos has made enough provision for the feedback from the employees. This part is undoubtedly the most important portion, as this helps to build direct communication among the managers, employees and the HRs of any organization. The procedure of conveying the message is smart enough that the employees as well would get a chance to explain their opinions to the HR. Apart from that, if the employees feel that they cannot express their opinion in front of all the employees in the organization, they might take help of official email for addressing their concern. Week 2 Wendy Tuohy said in the research work that the human brain is bombard with huge technology and this is overloaded with different information as well as multi-tasking activities. Apart from that, it can be stated that this vital organ might react very badly some times and thus Wendy Tuohy has gone inside the modern head of the human beings. However, it can be stated that research in the context of neurology sphere is can be considered as difficult work into the jerky new-millennium lifestyles, as a limited picture of the brains finer functions and the activities is provided by non-invasive observation procedures. However, some scientists like Dr. Jason have successfully discovered that human beings do pay a huge mental cost when they are asked too much of the brains at once (Jankovic, 2012). He has stated that the human brain process a lot more data when they are well aware of the senses that are being bombarded all the time. However, it is required to mention that mechanism of attention does the filtering properly. From his research work, it can be seen that human brains struggle a lot to process competing sources of data and information. In this case, because of excessive use of the cable and television, human brains fail to remember all the details of more than one source and the over stimulation contributes in fatigue. However, it is necessary to explain that depression, anxiety as well as stress might contribute to a reduced potentiality to stay tuned (Roblek et al., 2013). One of the effective ways of illustrating how the perception leaves impact on the ability of the human being to see what is out there as well as to look at visual illusions. In this part, it is required to focus on the way the brain process information and it can be stated that the sensory messages is transformed by brain in the location of conscious perceptions which are almost instantly chaotic in nature, collective activity taking into account millions of neurons seems essential for this type of rapid recognition. Perception is a procedure of gathering data and information through the sense organs, organizing as well as making sense of it. In this case, it can be stated that modern communication technologies like mobile phones, email and internet leaves deep impact on the human beings perceptual faculties (Saeidipour et al., 2012). Many research works have stated the fact that the potentiality to read more difficult texts is impacted by the advent of modern technologies. With the advancement of technology, it has been seen that the young children, teenagers and the adults see the things differently. Therefore, it can be stated that the human beings are extensively busy and humans are assaulted with the facts, pseudo facts and rumor. Reports have stated the fact that stress originated hormone cortisol as well as the desperation originated hormone adrenaline production is increased by multi-tasking. These hormones are effective for over-stimulating the human brains. Moreover, it can cause scrambled thinking or mental fog. Therefore, it can be stated that the modern communication technologies leave great impact on the perceptual faculties of the human being (Sari, 2012). Week 4: Portfolio Exercise 4: The article is based on the research on the Fore people in respect to establish that the non-verbal emotive expressions are universal. Because of the language barrier Paul Ekman faced lots of problem in respect of conducting the study. He tried to gather the information in accordance with their similarity of the emotive expression. Paul tried to gather perception of the Fore people regarding the image of emotive expression based on the stories. It has been found that they are well able to identify the emotive expression from different culture. However, they were unable to distinguish between fear and surprise. In addition Heider supported the research findings by researching on the Dani people. He came to the similar conclusion. In addition to that, another research found out that different people from various culture and background change same facial muscle in respect to the similar emotive expression. The research has been criticized as the research used picture instead of word. In justification it is said that the word is just a means to express the words not emotion itself. The research has been able to answer several enquiries regarding the facial expression in respect to number, accuracy and effectiveness. Portfolio Exercise 5: Eye contact behavior is most vital part of the conversation from a ver4y early days. It has been observed that the human emotion can be effectively derived from the eye contact solely. The eye gaze can be considered as the most primitive means of non-verbal communication. The eye expression can be also practiced for performing the synchronizing the signal. People tend to avoid the eye contact at the time of hesitation, non-fluent conversation as well as thinking. The eye contact is also incurred at the time of laughing, short answering along with facing interruption. Social distance is mainly used for impersonal business. This non verbal gesture can be mostly noticed in case of working together in same room as well as social gatherings. The social distance is also important in respect to communicating across the desk in a formal environment. In case of one individual looks down to another an exact effect of domination can be established. The social distance highly demands the large use of louder communication power so that the communication can be performed effectively. In addition to that, the essential use of eye contact assists to maintain the social distance in the society. The social distance can be responsible for the reduced feedback as well as interaction level. There are various different non-verbal behaviors which are highly effective for the communication plan. The kinesics is most focused on the reinforcing and emphasizing the perception of the individual at the social interaction with a means of non-verbal communication process. Moreover, the illustrator body movement, such as circular movement of hand also presents a greater use of communication process. Posture is also quite effective for reflecting the degree of status, confidence as well as respectability of any human being. Mirroring is also another crucial posture style of non-verbal communication. Week 5: Portfolio Exercise 6: A report was published in the website of BBC news that stated there is a consistent relation between violence video game use and aggression behavior. However, a large number of people denied the results as the research was deeply flawed. A major part of material connected with the study had not been subjected to peer review. Still, playing violent video game is often considered as a factor in motivating violence among the youth that increases crimes in the young generation such as high school shooting in the US. In the 1999, a student named by Arlene was responsible for the Massacre in Columbine High School by using a gun. This name was taken from a popular computer game Doom. However, according to (BBC News, 2016), most people who are well versed with the violent video games such as Mortal Kombat, Call of Duty as well as Hitman did not resort to violence. He also stated that there are also adult films, TV shows and movies that contents violence; therefore, it would be bad if someone only blames video games. Another article was published in worldpress that said playing video games is good for children. Typical human brain is unable to cope up with processing huge amount of information (fae713, 2013). However, among the gamers, it is found that their brains can adapt faster and they can keep track of all the information they need to play the games. Besides, a video game is also capable of helping the gamers to adapt informed as well as proper decision in a rapid pace in comparison with non-gamers (BBC News, 2016). Therefore, the chances are high that every person gains these benefits from fast-action video games. It is also seen that video games can be used for education as it creates a significant effect on the human brain. Many studies that approved that playing video games increase violence among the children. However, after comparing those researches, it was found that most of those researches used flawed methods to reach their conclusion. Therefore, video games are not responsible for increasing violence behavior (The Age, 2013). Besides, it is also true that human culture has adapted the video games as a part of their civilization in many ways. It is also observed that several tasks with real world application can be assisted by video games as well. Video game can also help to perceive the practical implication of various activities in the real world and develop appropriate decisions. Therefore, from this argument it can be said that the society will only gain advantages from video games and will experience an enhancement in the near future (The Age, 2013). As video games help to evolve the brain, the chances are high that human race will become more fast and accurate when making decisions in critical times. It is true that if the society refuses to play video games for the false concerns of violence and aggression then it will be loss of the society only. Week 6 Portfolio Exercise 7: Sven Birkets most effectively explained in his book Gutenberg Elergies the contemporary scenario of the cyberspace as well as arguments on the printing literary material printing system effectiveness (Gutenburg Elergies, 2016). At the same time, Wen Stephenson will be focused on replying on the opposition of the statement made by Sven Bikerts that the digital print is barren for the culture of literacy. It never can be accepted that Sven Bikerts is right on his position. The digital print will effectively enhance the power of educational as wella as literacy material in an impressive way (Digital Culture - The Message Is the Medium., 2016). The reading in this so-called information age is highly different as it increases the data access in a crucial manner. Portfolio Exercise 8: The facebook and twitter is mostly used in a significant fashion in order to selfie, sexting as well as social media accessing. It is summarized in the article that the facebook and twitter has been practiced for seeking the attention to themselves. This attention seeking intention is expressed in a various post of individuals in facebook and twitter. However, the article has forecasted that the narcissist word will be considered as endearment in the near future. The article has displayed an evaluated comparison between the older generations and the younger generation in respect to the use of facebook and twitter (Hey you, i., 2013).. Whilst the elderly people focus on outside beauty the younger people are highly self conscious about their own beauty. Another news article illustrated that the narcissist means the entrancement of their own reflection. The article also narrated the mythology of the origin of the narcissist word. The article also disclosed that everyone in this contemporary digital world can be considered as the narcissist. The facebook can be stated as the greatest means of photographing, recording, uploading, tweeting as well as downloading (selfies, 2013). In addition to that, tweet as well as instagram can be considered as the more effective social media site. It is also found out that a student as well as mature adults uses the social media site as a mean of boosting themselves to other. On the other hand, another newspaper article revealed that social media sites such as facebook as well as twitter are highly used for generating narcissist tendencies as well as transforming relations into a sexual race. It also supported the tendency of uploading the self portrait into the social media websites. It also focused on the facility of scoring a social position instead of communicating. However, it is evident that the facebook and twitter along with other social media website has generated a greater tendency of self-concern as well as selfishness. In addition to that, the greater facility to present the beauty to the other people and getting the compliments has helped the increase of these tendencies in a signi9ficant fashion (Social media, sexualisation and the selfie generation., 2013). However, with the passing of time the tendency reduces the overall popularity of this kind of perception is well known in the digital world. Week 9: Portfolio Writing Style Exercise 2: a) I wished to gain entrance into the accounting field for a considerable time-period as intellectual barrier is itself my challenger. b) It appeared to me that Smith did not consider the consultants recommended suggestion. c) We cant ascertain the reason of leaving the screen door open at this point of time. d) I have been recommended daily intake of megadoses of Vitamin C1 by my sister, a nutritionist of University of Michigan. e) In the past a large number competitor firms were located on the West Coast offering competition. Now, the hardships and difficulties caused by current business contraction and stagnation forced majority of those firms out of business. f) Dear Mrs. Tardy We regret that we cannot accept your request made by the letter received at 17 January. As your policy lapsed and cancelled on 1 December your cheque in the amount of $157 is being returned due to late arrival. g) We hereby wish to convey you that our company is pleased with your confidence on us. h) The prisoners were transferred away to the prison facility by bus at 8 of morning. i) I believe that city and country agencies are cooperating with each other now. j) Many of us desire to maintain a spring recess for getting away the studies demand. k) When exactly will a stock market downturn seriously affect the entire populations social life? Week 10: Portfolio Writing Style Exercise 3: Staff must submit copies of all sales transactions at the end of each working day. 2. Manager informed the staff members theyll work all Saturday. 3. Personnel director will offer the job to the woman with most outstanding recommendations. The staff will deliver the stationery by noon. Mr. Black donated a painting by Gainsborough to the National Gallery. We returned you the cancelled cheque on Tuesday by registered mail. We intend that the manager administer program. The staffs made two critical errors in the setting up of this equipment. If you find the spreadsheet package ineffective, re-boot the computer and begin the process again. People believe that a lack of understanding about the risks of alcohol is a cause of student binging. Extensive statistical analysis subjected the model. The improvement of Russian economy caused the success in exporting more crude oil for hard currency. The manager is considering the creation of data base; however he did not estimate the potential of the usefulness in this regard. Week 11 Exercise 1 Fill in the blanks: Not: Chairmanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨ But: It can be stated that chairman is a neutral job title, as this can be used for both male and female. Not: After the girls in the office receive an order; our office fills it within 24 hours.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨ But: After the female employees in the office receive an order; our office fills it within 24 hours. Not: Executives and their wivesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨ But: The answer would be Executives and their family Not: Connie Green performed the job well for her age.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨ But: Connie Green performed the job well. Not: Dear Gentlemen OR Dear Sirà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨ But: Dear Reader would be a nonsexist salutation at the time when the gender of the reader is not known. Not: Each student must provide his own lab jacket.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨ But: Each student must provide own lab jacket. "Exercise 2: The interview for the position of accountant should find the best person for the job. New staffs would be entitled to claim the removal costs for their family. Computes have improved human beings working life enormously. The female employees in the office are very efficient. A member of the Cabinet is a respected member of parliament is granted certain privileges. The foreperson is responsible for O.H. S. Salespersons must provide excellent customer service all the times. From the beginning of time, people have used horses in one way or other. She has done an amazing work for the person in the wheelchair. University courses have students from different background, different social classes, different color as well as different geographical areas. Jordan and other female employees from the office are devoured the salmon sandwiches. It is advisable to dress up smartly at interview irrespective of men and women. Exercise 1: Prompt payment of your account would be appreciated. Your excuses are inexcusable. You must improve your keyboarding skills; otherwise you would not be able to work here for long time. I am not aware of my availability when you would pay me a call. Irrespective of your hard work last night, I think I would not be able to overtime today. The reasons behind policy changes were not reasonable enough. Unfortunately you interpreted the terms of contract wrongly; however, it is almost impossible for the company to pay you for your work. You are requested again to make the payment on an early basis; otherwise unfortunately we have to charge interest from the first of the month. Exercise 2: We are sorry, but we cannot take this complaint that the goods were not properly packed. We are extremely sorry to let you know that it is tough for us to give you a refund as per the company policy. If you found that the CDs are faulty, we are requesting you to return them to the store. When it was written in the instructions, you could have read them properly. We pay enough attention to your valuable feedback. So, we are requesting you to provide some positive feedback for motivating the business. You must not buy the cheapest model from the market, as this is obvious to break down easily. We are trying our best to respond to your communication, but we are sorry to inform you that our representatives would not be able to reach you before the next Tuesday. Exercise 2: It is tough for us to get onto the bloke who sold you the furniture. I came to know from my secretary that the mistake was not from her end. You are requested to make the payments on time. You are requested to supply the proper reference number, otherwise it would be tough for us to provide you the proper details. We are highly sorry for the confused orders and beg your pardon and promise to serve better in the next time. Week 12: Portfolio Writing Style Exercise 3: You should begin by looking for errors and checking for inconsistencies. He was an excellent task manager but not in people skills. The receptionist is responsible for maintaining the petty cash, doing the banking and writing the pay slips as well. Using word processor is more efficient than typing in many ways. I like abseiling but my friend like climbing cliffs. We shall compare Jos computer skills with other peoples computer skills in the office. Administrative assistants responsibilities: Typing letters Scheduling appointments Routing phone calls Replacing receptionist Maintaining files Organising work flow She is tall, slender and beautiful. He worked as a clerk, salesman and bricklayer. Along with your application, please include: A list of your past three employers A short biographical statement Copies of all published articles The dog show judge decided on the Staffordshire bull terrier for the first prize, and Fox terrier for the second prize. I took up the rugs to clean the floor and help the coolness of the house. The cupboard needed to be painted and varnished. The Prime Minister says his government has been responsible for the following improvements: Cutting down unemployment Increasing wages Improving the conditions of work The committee recommended the following procedures: Having invitations professionally printed Writing to the local member of parliament Leaving only main gate of the car park open Each location is linked through a centre reservations sector whose duties are: Directing inbound calls Controlling appointment for each location using a networked Shortcut software system Managing database Managing the central server Making outbound calls to database to encourage appointments Communicating with clients via telephone Week 13: Portfolio Exercise 13: Founder of Facebook, Mark Zuckerberg said that in this new era of Social Networking, privacy is no longer a subject of concern. He also said that privacy is no longer a social norm. People have become comfortable while sharing more information in various social networking sites. However, in its initial days the things were not same. People raised question that why should the out their privacy. People started to use Face book and other social networking sites as they could communicate and share information privately (Ethics and Internet., 2016). The scenario completely changed as the organization decided to change the privacy setting of its 350 million users. This also shows that the organization has evolved from where the initially started. Every time Facebook brought changes in their system, they had to face protests and dissatisfaction of the users. However, this changed nothing as people are so addicted to the site that they slowly but steadily are adapting to each change. However, it is also true that a huge amount of people are still concerned about their privacy. However, it is also found that most of those people are either escaped abusive relationship or people who have marginal religious or sexual preferences (Johnson, 2010). There are some other people who fear of losing their jobs or who have been facing bullies throughout their lives. Therefore, it is highly important that the authority of Facebook must consider the condition of these people and must allow them to control their privacy. More than millions of people around the world want to limit the visibility of their personal information. However, they want onshore that information with their trusted person and friends. Facebook management and the CEO said that Facebook is making these changes in their privacy settings only to cope up with the changes that the world is facing right now. However, it is true that Facebook can still position them as the most popular social networking organization without making these 180 degree changes. As mentioned by Mark Zuckerberg, people are concerned about their privacy which is absolutely not true. However, the meaning of privacy is entirely different for people. For example, young people have no control in t heir house that who comes in and who goes out. Therefore, some young people experiences mental problems as they cannot their personal lives. Most of those people find shelter in social media sites such as Facebook as they see it as a virtual world where they can control who will see their profile, who will see their information and all. If they cannot control these things even in virtual world then it will do more damage than good (Social media, sexualisation and the selfie generation, 2013). Besides, lots of incidents took place recently where several lawsuits were placed buy the Facebook users that someone has opened a fake account using their images and personal details. These things happened as Facebook has minimised the privacy settings of the users. Therefore, it c an be said that settings related to privacy is still important in social media sites. Reference List: Gutenburg Elergies. (2016). Retrieved 30 May 2016, ABC News,. (2013).Social media, sexualisation and the selfie generation.ABC News. Retrieved 30 May 2016, BBC News,. (2016).Do video games make people violent? - BBC News.BBC News. Retrieved 30 May 2016, Digital Culture - The Message Is the Medium. (2016).Theatlantic.com. Ethics and Internet. (2016). Retrieved 30 May 2016, fae713,. (2013).Play Video Games, Its Good For You An Argument Essay.fae713. Retrieved 30 May 2016, Hey you, i. (2013).Hey you, it's all about me.The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 30 May 2016, Jankovic, M. (2012). Integrated Marketing Communications and Brand Identity Development.Management (1820-0222), (63). Johnson, B. (2010).Privacy no longer a social norm, says Facebook founder.the Guardian. Retrieved 30 May 2016, Roblek, V., Pejic Bach, M., Meko, M., Bertoncelj, A. (2013). The impact of social media to value added in knowledge-based industries. Saeidipour, B., Akbari, P., Marati Fashi, M. A. (2012). Study the effect of emotional intelligence on organizational learning staff, Sari, A., (2012). Impact of determinants on student performance towards information communication technology in higher education. selfies, D. (2013).Dark undercurrents of teenage girls' selfies.The Age. Retrieved 30 May 2016, Social media, sexualisation and the selfie generation. (2013).ABC News. Retrieved 30 May 2016, The Age,. (2013).Dark undercurrents of teenage girls' selfies.The Age. Retrieved 30 May 2016, Toppo, G. (2015). How Violent Video Games Really Affect Kids.

The Question Of Whether To Legalize Drugs Or Not Is A Very Essay Example For Students

The Question Of Whether To Legalize Drugs Or Not Is A Very Essay controversial and important issue. Drugs affect so many areas ofsociety. The U.S. population has an extremely high rate of alcoholand drug abuse (Grolier). Several groups have formed and spoken outregarding their position. Speaking Out Against Drug Legalizationis the first step in helping to deliver the credible, consistentmessage about the risks and costs of the legalization of drugs topeople in terms that make sense to them. The anti-legalization messageis effective when communicated by representatives of the FederalGovernment, but takes on even more credibility when it comes fromthose in the community who can put the legalization debate in localperspective (Internet). After learning about the issues regarding both sides of theargument, I would choose to support those who oppose legalizationof any drugs. Drugs simply create problems which effect society inseveral ways. The government has made several efforts to control drugsand their users, however, to most the problem appears too out of hand. Others see potential profit in legalizing drugs and still otherssimply believe that individual rights to take drugs should beprotected. The group also acknowledged that the legalization conceptappeals to people who are looking for simple solutions to thedevastating problem of drug abuse (Internet). Society’s answer tothe problem is to trick the drug user by giving him what he wants. We will write a custom essay on The Question Of Whether To Legalize Drugs Or Not Is A Very specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now People believe that making drugs legal will take away the temptationto use them. This idea is wrong and far from logical. If drugs arelegalized then they will be more accessible to the young, addicted,and ignorant. As a result the ready availability of addicting drugs, and asa result of their heavy use for medical problems, many individualsbecame addicted to the narcotics contained in these potent medicines. In fact, in 1900, there were more narcotics addicts, proportionate tothe population, than there are today. At that time, most of the userswho became addicts were medical addicts. Very few abusers took drugsfor recreational purposes. In 1914, in an effort to curb theindiscriminate use of narcotics, the federal government passed theHarrison Act, making it illegal to obtain a narcotic drug without aprescription. During the 1920’s the Supreme Court ruled thatmaintaining addicts on narcotic drugs, even by prescription, was inviolation of the Harrison Act. Some 30,000 physicians were arrestedduring this period for dispensing narcotics, and some 3,000 actuallyserved prison sentences. Consequently, doctors all but abandoned thetreatment of addicts for nearly half a century in the United States(Grolier). The only resulting effect will be a negative one. There are nopositive aspects of putting drugs on the streets with a label readinglegal. There are plenty of people in society that find enoughtrouble on their own without the help of their country. Legalizingdrugs would have a devastating result that would affect society as awhole. Audiences need to understand that 70% of drug users areemployed, and that the school bus driver who drives your childrento school could smoke marijuana, that the surgeon who operates on youmay have cocaine in his system, and that the driver in back of you maybe on speed. The debate needs to demonstrate graphically how thecommon man will be impacted by drug legalization (Internet). There is an idea that the drug user is a low class,unemployed junkie. This is untrue. The drug user is often a whitecollared worker with a family and a future. They are not all dirtywith missing teeth and poor grammar. The common misconceptions of theuser are dangerous to those members of society trying to rid theworld of the problem. .u2a4884dbcd2e1b7e636beaeec456d201 , .u2a4884dbcd2e1b7e636beaeec456d201 .postImageUrl , .u2a4884dbcd2e1b7e636beaeec456d201 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2a4884dbcd2e1b7e636beaeec456d201 , .u2a4884dbcd2e1b7e636beaeec456d201:hover , .u2a4884dbcd2e1b7e636beaeec456d201:visited , .u2a4884dbcd2e1b7e636beaeec456d201:active { border:0!important; } .u2a4884dbcd2e1b7e636beaeec456d201 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2a4884dbcd2e1b7e636beaeec456d201 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2a4884dbcd2e1b7e636beaeec456d201:active , .u2a4884dbcd2e1b7e636beaeec456d201:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2a4884dbcd2e1b7e636beaeec456d201 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2a4884dbcd2e1b7e636beaeec456d201 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2a4884dbcd2e1b7e636beaeec456d201 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2a4884dbcd2e1b7e636beaeec456d201 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2a4884dbcd2e1b7e636beaeec456d201:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2a4884dbcd2e1b7e636beaeec456d201 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2a4884dbcd2e1b7e636beaeec456d201 .u2a4884dbcd2e1b7e636beaeec456d201-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2a4884dbcd2e1b7e636beaeec456d201:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN MEXICO (FDI) EssayDrinking on the job is a social and economic problem with along history. With the growing popularity of illegal drugs in the1960’s and 1970’s, it was to be expected that their use in theworkplace would emerge as a major issue by the 1980’s. Estimates ofemployee drug use vary greatly, ranging from 10 percent to 25 percentfor the proportion of workers who use drugs occasionally on the job. The safe performance of some occupations among them, airline pilot,air traffic controller, truck driver, and physician can becompromised by drug use (Grolier). One of the greatest concerns of drugs is their contributionto the crime rate. Crime will always be a problem as long as drugsexist and are abused. One category of crime is the victimless crime,which includes drunkenness, drug addiction, prostitution and gambling. The use of the term victimless is an extremely qualified one. Itrefers to acts committed by consenting adults in private; the actsinvolve only the participants and are not harmful to others. If harmoccurs; it is inflicted only upon the willing participants. Victimlesscrimes are often characterized by the exchange of sought aftergoods and services, and they generate huge amounts of illegal income. It has been argued, however, that no crime is victimless. The drugaddict suffers physical and emotional harm and often commits propertycrimes to obtain money for buying drugs (Grolier). Crime too often is the result of a drug problem. The crimerate would probably lower if drugs were illegal because the drugabusers wouldn’t need to steal to pay for their drugs. Legalizingdrugs would just add to an already rising problem. Compared with other countries that keep crime statistics, theUnited States has the highest rate per 100,000 population for reportedmurders, rapes, and robberies. It is important to remember, however,that the incidence of crime is influenced by such factors asindustrialization, urbanization, drug and alcohol abuse, unemployment,and the availability of fire arms (Grolier). This should be reason enough to make all drugs illegal. Legalizing drugs will just feed the problem that teenagers and youngadults face daily. Making drugs legal makes them more conscienceaccessible and easier on the The illegal use of psychoactive drugsis vast and extensive in the United States. Some 70 million Americansage 12 and over have tried at least one or more prohibited drugs forthe purpose of getting high. The illegal drug trade represents anenormous economic enterprise. Sales of illegal drugs in the UnitedStates may have totaled $100 billion in 1986, more than the totalnet sales of the largest American corporation, and more than Americanfarmers earned from all crops combined. About 60% of the illegal drugssold worldwide end up in the United States (Grolier). The problems that society already faces with the unemployed,homeless, criminals, and high school drop-out rate will simplyincrease. What society would want such problems to escalate. Thethought of how seriously this could impact our entire nation is bothridiculous and terrifying. I strongly believe that there are a great deal of people whohave not tried drugs out of fear of getting caught. If this fear weretaken from them, they would probably become drug addicts. As stated bythe National Commission of Marijuana and Drug Abuse, The term abusehas no functional utility and has become no more than an arbitrarycode word for that drug which is presently considered wrong(Grolier). I believe that our country should uphold a few basicstandards, and keep drugs and the problems they create out of oursociety. Legalization is an act of neglect and ignorance.

Asians and Census 2000 essays

Asians and Census 2000 essays There are numerous reasons why full participation is in the Census 2000 is important to the Asian American and Pacific Islander communities. The estimated undercount of the Asian Pacific Islander community in 1990 was 2.3%. Because census data is the basis for almost all demographic information used by policy makers, educators, and community leaders, undercounted communities miss out on their fair share of federal funding for services, adequate governmental representation, and enforcement of civil rights laws that prevent discrimination. An undercount prevents government and other agencies from planning for and implementing culturally and linguistically appropriate services for the Asian Pacific Islander community. (U.S. Census Bureau) Unfortunately, the Asian Pacific Islander community is at risk for a high undercount in the upcoming census. Undercounts tend to be high in communities in which there are language barriers, resistance to outsiders, suspicion of government, disbelief of census confidentiality, non-traditional household living arrangements, irregular housing, large numbers of children, large proportions of renters, and among people or families who are highly mobile. (U.S. Census Bureau) One important reason for full participation by Asian American and Pacific Islander communities is the need for adequate governmental representation. Reapportionment occurs after every census, which is when political districts are reconfigured to reflect changes in the population. When Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders are not counted, they are not assigned the correct number of representatives. It is important that they have a voice in the government. There is a need for political empowerment among the Asian American and Pacific Islander communities, and that can happen only when there is accurate representation, which is the result of an accurate census count. Another important reason for the full participation of Asian...

An Analysis of Hermann Ebbinghaus’s Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

An Analysis of Hermann Ebbinghaus’s Introduction to Cognitive Psychology Psychologist Hermann Ebbinghaus was the pioneer of Cognitive Psychology, which has a long past with a very short history. The part of human thinking has always been an elemental focus of interest. An Even ancient philosopher such as Aristotle was interested in understanding the mechanics of how our minds work. Psychology can be generally defined as the study of mental processing as well as behavior. Cognitive Psychology is defined the same, just without the behavior. This is why behaviorism is a study set apart on its own, which can be compared and contrasted with Cognitive Psychology. Although Cognitive Psychology will observe some behavior, it is only as a segway to understanding the mental processing that goes on â€Å"under the hood†. These intricate processes include attention, remembering, understanding language, and even solving problems. Even though these processes require a complex amount of thinking, we rarely stop to â€Å"think† about us actually thinking. P sychologist John B. Watson suggested that we separate psychology from consciousness to be able to focus solely on the behavioral perspective. Many experimental methods researching measurements, observations, and repeatability, which Cognitive Psychology is unable to use. These methods are some of the most instrumental in developing research conclusions that have led to some of the most important breakthroughs in history. Watsons approach was later termed, Behaviorism, this dismissed the scientific aspects of psychology while emphasizing the study of observable stimuli with observable responses. This has led to Behaviorism also being called S-R Psychology. In many instances, you cannot observe the same experimental methods and arrive at the same conclusions as you could with Cognitive Psychology, even though Cognitive Psychology does observe little behavior explain why the brain processes the way it does. Behaviorist does not discard the need for consciousness, they do however reject the idea that it is meaningfully studied. In both psychologists, their intent is to fully understand the mind and all it inhabits. Cognitive Psychologist just believes that studying the actual processing of the mind is how you can arrive at the answer. Behaviorist believes that human behavior is the key element in fully understand the way our brains work and function. They both do agree, however, that without either the c onsciousness or the behaviors they would come to a â€Å"standstill† in their research. Most of our research that has been conducted in regards to attention is characterized by the terms of pre-attentive and post-attentive processing. Pre-attentive processing is generally characterized as happening quite quickly, mainly before the attention has been focused on the stimuli. One could say that it refers to arriving at the conclusion before one starts thinking. Thoughts that occur pre-attentively are also considered as synesthetic experiences. Pre-attentive and post-attentive processes contrast in the way that we think about objects. With post-attentive processing, we may actually count objects if there are more than a small amount, or focus on something longer than if we thought about it pre-attentively. In the example of counting sheep pre-attentively, if you see two, chances are that you did not count in your head, one and two. You automatically just saw the two sheep and you r brain processed them as the number two. Post-attentively you would most likely have this occur if there were seven sheep, counting each until you reached the number seven. These processes of counting are referred to as Subitizing, which means quick and effortless. You can see this example when you are counting the two sheep, which seemed quite easy compared to counting numerous sheep. Subitizing is actually faster than counting and if the items are less than three, it is virtually unaffected over time. (Schwartze) The process where we strategically direct our attention in response to situational demands is executive attention. Many describe the nature of executive attention as becoming an object in direct focus recently with many researchers struggling to specify what we might call â€Å"cognitive control†. For example, when you are simply doing homework you may be reading research while typing, along with having music playing in the background. We are able to direct our attention to many different things depending on the relevance or the importance of the subject. The Stroop effect is present when we see a colors word printed out in a differen t color than the word printed. For example, the word blue printed out in pink ink, this would make it very hard for us to say the word pink when we look at it since we tend to read the word. We must slow down and pronounce the word as the color of the ink instead of the word printed, this is relevant to executive attention because we must focus on the color instead of mindlessly reading the word. In regards to the measure of our control on where we focus this attention, this is referred to as the operation span. The operation span can assess a person’s ability to keep track of multiple forms of information. This can go hand in hand with the inhibition effect that inhibits you from processing certain information. The inability to control your attention or to focus it on our homework instead of listening to the background music that was previously stated. (Fernandez-Duque) One original example of a perception of agency is when people visit a hypnotist. They believe their action s are not from their own choice but rather from being hypnotized to do so. This has actually been proven to be a hoax, so the person unknowingly decides to do those actions. People have this feeling that they are not in control and in the case of a hypnotist telling you to do something your metacognition of agency is quite poor. Your metacognition of agency might be quite high if you are doing an activity such as painting. You know you are making strokes with the paintbrush and what colors you are painting with. Knowingly you choose where to paint and even the subject you are going to paint. This is an example of being in complete control of what you are doing while consciously knowing that you are the one doing it. (Carr)

UCC and UCITA models acts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

UCC and UCITA models acts - Essay Example Ogden where Chief Justice Marshall interpreted the Power of Congress to regulate commerce and in the same breadth prohibited states from interfering with the flow of goods and services across state boundaries by passing laws (Find Law n.d.). Chief Justice Marshall indicated that the clause was not limited to interstate commerce but also intrastate commerce. Article 2 of the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) refers to contracts for sale of goods (Cornell University Law School). The article is limited in scope and does no cover computer information and internet contracting. It governs transactions in tangible goods and does not cover intangible items. Article 2 of the Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act (UCITA) was specifically created to deal with the deficiencies in the UCC. Article 2 of UCITA relates to intangible items such as licenses. According to UCITA Online (n.d) the Act states clearly that contracts relating to computer information are licenses and therefore involves a set of legal considerations that are not applicable to sale of tangible items. The UCITA therefore established a clear set of rules relating to software licensing, online access and other transaction in computer information where none existed before UCITA Online (n.d.). Computer software though purchased with a computer has limitations and guidelines on how they are used.

A wall of funnels concentrates swimming bacteria Essay

A wall of funnels concentrates swimming bacteria - Essay Example It also shows how these microstructures can affect the living, breeding and feeding patterns of the microorganisms. The structures are also responsible for the change in populations and patterns that the microorganisms are used to. The results achieved were through using funnels that were laced with reactive ion and microlithography fluids that were mixed with silicon water. The funnel enclosures were placed in a way that the bacteria would swim and then were sealed with microscope slides. The analysis of the bacteria behavior and swimming modes was determined through reading and use of the microscope (Martinko & Madigan 63). The results were that the swimmers were green in color and fluorescent, which represented the mobility of the microorganisms. The bacteria were initially spread on the funnel and as they communicate with each other to move towards the microfluidic mixture. With time, the bacteria travelled from the broader side of the funnel to the narrow part where they concentrated and coagulated together (Martinko & Madigan 112). The research has contributed to the in-depth knowledge of survival strategies that we can look at when it comes to evolution.It helps the scientific world in analyzing the changes that can be made when it comes to mobility of bacteria and how to separate

Events that Led to the Civil War Essay -- American History Papers

Events that Led to the Civil War There were several issues that contributed to the split between the northern and southern states. Among these were the deep social, economic and political differences. The split could be traced as far back as the early 1800’s, just as the industrial revolution was beginning. It’s effects on the north and the south caused the economic split. As the north was becoming more industrialized; the south began to rely heavily on slave labor. This was one of the main reasons, as the southern view on slavery differed greatly from the North. These views were based on drastically different interpretations of the constitution. In the north, machines, interchangeable parts, and mass production were fast becoming a way of life. Northerners began building factories for mass production. These first factories were used for making textiles and later evolved to manufacturing a wide variety of goods. This created several opportunities for jobs. And with immigrants flooding in from Europe, finding employment was no problem. The factory system was efficient and inexpensive for the north to employ a large work force. In the south, cotton was becoming a huge success for the southern farmer. Cotton, being a very laborious crop, required the ownership of many slaves per plantation. Unlike the immigrants of the north, slaves were property. Slaves were also much less of a profit. When a slave became ill he could not simply be replaced, he needed to be cared for, after all, this was the plantation owners property. On the other hand in the north if a worker became to ill to work, there were several immigrants waiting for the job. In 1818, the balance of power in congress was equal... ...was not ratified by the necessary number of states. The existence of slavery was the central element of the conflict of the north and south. Other problems existed that led to this succession but none were as big as the slavery issue. The only way to avoid the war was to abolish slavery, but this was not able to be done because slavery is what kept the south running. When the south seceded it was said by Abraham Lincoln that â€Å" a house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe this government cannot endure permanently half slave and half free.† Because slavery formed two opposing societies and slavery could never be abolished, the civil war was inevitable. These were all the reasons why the south seceded from the union, this succession was eminent and there was no plausible way to avoid it. Bibliography: The Civil War by Jack Williams Events that Led to the Civil War Essay -- American History Papers Events that Led to the Civil War There were several issues that contributed to the split between the northern and southern states. Among these were the deep social, economic and political differences. The split could be traced as far back as the early 1800’s, just as the industrial revolution was beginning. It’s effects on the north and the south caused the economic split. As the north was becoming more industrialized; the south began to rely heavily on slave labor. This was one of the main reasons, as the southern view on slavery differed greatly from the North. These views were based on drastically different interpretations of the constitution. In the north, machines, interchangeable parts, and mass production were fast becoming a way of life. Northerners began building factories for mass production. These first factories were used for making textiles and later evolved to manufacturing a wide variety of goods. This created several opportunities for jobs. And with immigrants flooding in from Europe, finding employment was no problem. The factory system was efficient and inexpensive for the north to employ a large work force. In the south, cotton was becoming a huge success for the southern farmer. Cotton, being a very laborious crop, required the ownership of many slaves per plantation. Unlike the immigrants of the north, slaves were property. Slaves were also much less of a profit. When a slave became ill he could not simply be replaced, he needed to be cared for, after all, this was the plantation owners property. On the other hand in the north if a worker became to ill to work, there were several immigrants waiting for the job. In 1818, the balance of power in congress was equal... ...was not ratified by the necessary number of states. The existence of slavery was the central element of the conflict of the north and south. Other problems existed that led to this succession but none were as big as the slavery issue. The only way to avoid the war was to abolish slavery, but this was not able to be done because slavery is what kept the south running. When the south seceded it was said by Abraham Lincoln that â€Å" a house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe this government cannot endure permanently half slave and half free.† Because slavery formed two opposing societies and slavery could never be abolished, the civil war was inevitable. These were all the reasons why the south seceded from the union, this succession was eminent and there was no plausible way to avoid it. Bibliography: The Civil War by Jack Williams

Night World : Witchlight Chapter 11

She's what?† Keller said, coming out of the bathroom, toweling her hair. â€Å"She's sick,† Winnie said. â€Å"Runny nose, little temperature. Looks like a cold. Her mom says she has to stay home from school.† Well, it looks like we're having a run of good luck, Keller thought. It would be much easier to protect her inside the house. Winnie and Nissa had spent the night in Diana's room, while Keller, who was supposed to be asleep on the sofa bed in the family room, wandered the house in between catnaps. She'd asked Galen to stay in the guest room, and he had done just that. â€Å"We can have a quiet day,† she said now to Winnie. â€Å"This is great-as long as she gets well for Saturday.† Winnie grimaced. â€Å"What?† â€Å"Um-you'd better go in and talk to her yourself.† â€Å"Why?† â€Å"You'd just better go. She wants to talk to you.† Keller started toward Diana's room. She said over her shoulder, â€Å"Check the wards.† â€Å"I know, Boss.† Iliana was sitting up in bed, wearing a frilly nightgown that actually seemed to have a ribbon woven into the lace at the neck. She looked fragile and beautiful, and there was a delicate flush on her cheeks from the fever. â€Å"How're you feeling?† Keller said, making her voice gentle. â€Å"Okay.† Iliana modified it with a shrug that meant fairly rotten. â€Å"I just wanted to see you, you know, and say good-bye.† Keller blinked, still rubbing her hair with the towel. She wasn't crazy about water, especially not in her ears. â€Å"Say good-bye?† â€Å"Before you go.† â€Å"What, you think I'm going to school for you?† â€Å"No. Before you go.† Keller stopped toweling and focused. â€Å"Iliana, what are you talking about?† Tm talking about you guys leaving. Because I'm not the Wild Power.† Keller sat down on the bed and said flatly, â€Å"What?† Diana's eyes were that hazy iris color again. She looked, in her own way, as annoyed as Keller felt. â€Å"Well, I thought that was obvious. I can't be the Wild Power. I don't have the blue fire-or whatever.† She tacked the last words on. â€Å"Diana, don't play the dumb blond with me right now, or I'll have to kill you.† Diana just stared at her, picking at the coverlet with her fingers. â€Å"You guys made a mistake. I don't have any power, and I'm not the person you're looking for. Don't you think you ought to go out and look for the real Wild Power before the bad guys find her?† â€Å"Diana, just because you couldn't stop that car doesn't mean that you don't have power. It could just be that you don't know how to tap into it yet.† â€Å"It could be. You're admitting that you're not sure.† â€Å"Nobody can be absolutely sure. Not until you demonstrate it.† â€Å"And that's what I can't do. You probably think I didn't really try, Keller. But I did. I tried so hard.† Diana's eyes went distant with agonized memory. â€Å"I was standing there, looking down, and I suddenly thought, I can do it! I actually thought I felt the power, and that I knew how to use it. But then when I reached for it, there was nothing there. I tried so hard, and I wanted it to work so much†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Diana's eyes filled, and there was a look on her face that struck Keller to the heart. Then she shook her head and looked back at Keller. â€Å"It wasn't there. I know that. I'm certain.† ‘It has to be there,† Keller said. â€Å"Circle Daybreak has been investigating this ever since they found that prophecy. ‘One from the hearth that still holds the spark.' They've tracked down all the other Harmans and checked them. It has to be you.† â€Å"Then maybe it's somebody you haven't found yet. Some other lost witch. But it's not me.† She was completely adamant and genuinely convinced. Keller could see it in her eyes. She had managed to vault back into denial in a whole new way. â€Å"So I know you'll be leaving,† Iliana went on. â€Å"And, actually, I'll really miss you.† She blinked away tears again. â€Å"I suppose you don't believe that.† â€Å"Oh, I believe it,† Keller said tiredly, staring at an exquisite gold-and-white dresser across the room. â€Å"I really like you guys. But I know what you're doing is important.† â€Å"Well, is it okay with you if we just hang around for a little while longer?† Keller asked heavily. â€Å"Just until we see the light and realize you're not the Wild Power?† Iliana frowned. â€Å"Don't you think it's a waste of time?† â€Å"Maybe. But I don't make those decisions. I'm just a grunt.† â€Å"Don't you treat me like a dumb blond.† Keller opened her mouth, lifted her hands, then dropped them. What she wanted to say was, How can I help it when you're determined to be such a nincompoop? But that wasn't going to get them anywhere. â€Å"Look, Iliana. I really do have to stay until I get orders to go, all right?† Keller said, looking at her. â€Å"So you're just going to have to bear with us for a little while longer.† She stood up, feeling as if a weight had fallen on her. They were back to square one. Or maybe not quite. â€Å"Besides, what about Galen?† she said, turning back at the door. â€Å"Do you want him to go?† Diana looked confused. Her cheeks got even pinker. â€Å"I don't†¦ I mean†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"If you're not the Wild Power, you're not the Witch Child,† Keller went on ruthlessly. â€Å"And you know that Galen has to promise himself to the Witch Child.† Iliana was breathing quickly now. She gulped and stared at the window. She bit her lip. She really is in love with him, Keller thought. And she knows it. â€Å"Just something to keep in mind,† she said, and went out the door. â€Å"Did you get any info on the license plate?† Nissa shook her head. â€Å"Not yet. They'll call us when they have anything. And a courier brought this.† She handed Keller a box. It was the size of a shirt box but very sturdy. â€Å"The scrolls?† â€Å"I think so. There are wards on it, so we have to get Winnie to open it.† They had a chance after breakfast. Mrs. Dominick took the baby and went out shopping. Keller didn't worry too much about her. Just as Jaime was now being watched by Circle Daybreak agents, any members of Iliana's family who left the safety of the wards would be followed for their own protection. They sat around the kitchen table-except for Iliana, who refused to join them and sat in the family room in front of the TV. She had a box of tissues, and every few minutes she would apply one to her nose. â€Å"Before you open that,† Keller said to Winnie, â€Å"how are the wards around the house?† â€Å"They're fine. Intact and strong. I don't think anybody's even tried to mess with them.† Galen said, â€Å"I wonder why.† Keller looked at him quickly. It was just what she had been wondering herself. â€Å"Maybe it has something to do with what happened yesterday. And that's the other thing I want to talk about. I want to hear everybody's opinions. Who was in that car-Night Person or human? Why did they try to run over Jaime? And what are we going to do about it?† â€Å"You go first,† Winnie said. â€Å"I think you had the best view of it.† â€Å"Well, I wasn't the only one,† Keller said. â€Å"There was someone else beside me.† She looked toward the living room. Iliana made a show of ignoring her completely. Keller turned back. â€Å"But anyway, simplest first Let's say the car was from the Night World. They cruised down the street in front of the school once before coming back. It's perfectly possible that they saw Iliana standing at the window. Maybe they were trying to determine for sure that she was the Wild Power. If she'd stopped the car, they'd have had solid proof.† â€Å"On the other hand,† Nissa said, â€Å"they must be pretty sure she's the Wild Power. After all, it's really beyond question.† She was looking earnestly at Keller, but she spoke loudly enough for Iliana to hear everything distinctly. Keller smiled with her eyes. â€Å"True. Okay, more ideas. Winnie.† â€Å"Uh-night.† Winnie sat up straighter. â€Å"The car was from the Night World, and they weren't actually trying to run over Jaime. They were going to snatch her because they somehow knew she'd been with us, and they figured she might have some information they could use.† â€Å"Nice try,† Keller said. â€Å"But you were over by the door. You didn't see the way that car was driving. No way they were planning to grab her.† â€Å"I agree,† Galen said. â€Å"They were going too fast, and they were heading right for her. They meant to kill.† Winnie dropped her chin into her hands. â€Å"Oh, well, fine. It was just an idea.† ‘It brings up something interesting, though,† Nissa said thoughtfully. â€Å"What if the car was from the Night World, and they knew Iliana was watching, but they weren't trying to get her to demonstrate her power? What if they were just trying to intimidate her? Show what they were capable of, by lolling her friend right in front of her eyes? If they knew how close she and Jaime were-â€Å" â€Å"How?† Keller interrupted. â€Å"Lots of ways,† Nissa said promptly. â€Å"If they haven't snooped around that high school and talked to other kids, their intelligence system is worse than I think. Ill go farther. If they don't know that Jaime was in that music room with us yesterday at lunch, they ought to turn in their spy badges.† ‘If that's true, then maybe it's even simpler than we think,† Galen said. â€Å"The law says that any human who finds out about us has to die. Maybe the car was from the Night World, and they didn't know that Iliana was watching-or they didn't care. They thought Jaime knew the secret, and they just wanted to carry out a good, old-fashioned Night World execution.† â€Å"And maybe the car wasn't from the Night World!† Iliana yelled suddenly, jumping off the family room couch. She wasn't even pretending not to listen anymore, Keller noted. â€Å"Did any of you ever think of that? Maybe the car just belonged to some crazed juvenile delinquents and it's all a massive coincidence! Well? Did you think of that?† She stood with her hands on her hips, glaring at all of them. The effect was somewhat diluted because she was wearing a frilly nightgown with a flannel robe over it and slippers with teddy bear heads on them. Keller stood up, too. She wanted to be patient and make the most of this opportunity. But she never seemed to have much control where Iliana was concerned. â€Å"We've thought of it. Circle Daybreak is trying to check on it-whether the car's registered to a human or a Night Person. But you're asking for a lot of coincidence, aren't you? How often do people deliberately run each other over in this town? What are the chances that you just happened to be watching when one of them did it?† She felt Galen nudge her ankle with his foot. With an effort, she shut up. â€Å"Why don't you come over here and talk with us about it?† he said to Iliana in his gentle way. â€Å"Even if you're not the Wild Power, you're still involved. You know a lot about what's been going on, and you've got a good mind. We need all the help we can get.† Keller saw Winnie glance at him sharply when he said the bit about Iliana having a good mind. But she didn't say anything. Iliana looked a little startled herself. But then she picked up the box of tissues and slowly came to the kitchen table. â€Å"I don't think well when I'm sick,† she said. Keller sat down. She didn't want to undo what Galen had accomplished. â€Å"So where does that leave us?† she asked, and then answered her own question. â€Å"Nowhere, really. It could be any of those scenarios or none of them. We may need to wait for whatever Circle Daybreak comes up with.† Keller looked around the table grimly. â€Å"And that's dangerous,† she said. â€Å"Assuming it was the Night World that sent that car, they're up to something that we don't understand. They could attack us at any moment, from any direction, and we can't anticipate them. I need for all of you to be on your guard. If anything suspicious happens, even the fittest thing, I want you to tell me.† â€Å"It still bothers me that they haven't even tried to get in here,† Galen said. â€Å"No matter how strong the wards are, they should at least be trying.† Keller nodded. She had an uneasy feeling in the pit of her stomach about that. â€Å"They may be laying some kind of a trap somewhere else, and they may be so confident that well fall into it that they can afford to wait.† â€Å"Or it could be that they know I'm not the one,† Hiana chimed in sweetly. â€Å"And they're off kidnapping the real Wild Power while you guys are wasting your time here.† She blew her nose. Keller gritted her teeth and felt a pain in her jaw that was getting familiar. â€Å"Or it could be that we just don't understand dragons,† she said, possibly with more force than was necessary. She and Diana locked stares. â€Å"You guys, you guys,† Winnie said nervously. â€Å"Um, maybe it's time we opened this.† She touched the box Circle Daybreak had sent. Diana's eyes shifted to it with something like involuntary interest. Keller could see why. The box had the mysterious allure of a Christmas present. â€Å"Go ahead,† she told Winnie. It took a while. Winnie did witchy things with a bag of herbs and some talismans, while everyone watched intently and Diana mopped her nose and sniffled. At last, very carefully, Winnie lifted the top of the box off. Everyone leaned forward. Piled inside were dozens and dozens of pieces of parchment. Not entire scrolls but scraps of them, each encased in its own plastic sleeve. Keller recognized the writing†-it was the old language of the shapeshifters. She'd learned it as a child, because Circle Daybreak wanted her to keep in touch with her heritage. But it had been a long time since she'd had to translate it. Diana sneezed and said almost reluctantly, â€Å"Cool pictures.† There were cool pictures. Most of the scraps had three or four tiny illustrations, and some of them had only pictures and no writing. The inks were red and purple and deep royal blue, with details in gold leaf. Keller spread some of the plastic sleeves across the table. â€Å"Okay, people. The idea is to find something that will show us how to fight the dragon, or at least something to tell us how he might attack. The truth is that we don't even know what he can do, except for the black energy he used on me.† â€Å"Um, I can't read this, you know,† Diana pointed out with excessive politeness. â€Å"So look at the pictures,† Keller said sweetly. â€Å"Try to find something where a dragon is fighting a person-or, even better, getting killed by one.† â€Å"How do I know which one's the dragon?† It was an amazingly good question. Keller blinked and looked at Galen. â€Å"Well, actually, I don't know. I don't know if anybody knows how to tell a dragon from another Night Person.† â€Å"The one in the mall-Azhdeha-had opaque black eyes,† Keller said. â€Å"You could tell when you looked into them. But I don't suppose that's going to show up on a parchment like this. Why don't you just look for something with dark energy around it?† Iliana made a tiny noise that in someone less delicate would have been called a snort. But she took a pile of the scraps and began poring over them. â€Å"Okay,† Keller said. â€Å"Now, the rest of us-â€Å" But she never got to finish. The phone on the kitchen wall shrilled. Everyone glanced up toward it, and Iliana started to stand, but there was no second ring. After a long moment of silence, it rang again-once. â€Å"Circle Daybreak,† Keller said. â€Å"Nissa, call them back.† Keller tried not to fidget as Nissa obeyed. It wasn't just that she was hoping against hope that there was useful information about the car. For some reason she couldn't define, that very first ring of the phone had made her feel unsettled. The early warning system of the shapeshifters. It had saved her life before, by giving her a hint of danger. But for what was about to happen now, it was entirely useless. â€Å"Nissa Johnson here. Code word: Angel Rescue,† Nissa said, and Keller saw Diana's eyebrows go up. â€Å"Yes, I'm listening. What?† Suddenly, her face changed. â€Å"What do you mean, am I sitting down?† Pause. â€Å"Look, Paulie, just tell me whatever-â€Å" And then her face changed again, and she did something Keller had never seen Nissa do. She gasped and brought a quick hand up to her mouth. â€Å"Oh, Goddess, no!† Keller's heart was pounding, and there was a boulder of ice in her stomach. She found herself on her feet without any memory of standing. Nissa's light brown eyes were distant, almost blank. Her other hand clutched the receiver. â€Å"How?† Then she shut her eyes. â€Å"Oh, no.† And finally, very softly, â€Å"Goddess help us.†

Role Of Genetic Modifications - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 1018 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/10/30 Category Science Essay Level High school Topics: Genetic Engineering Essay Did you like this example? Genetic Engineering is the process of manipulation of an organisms genes. The process involves Recombinant DNA, which is bringing genetic material from multiple organisms and creating a sequence that would not be otherwise found in the genome. Recombinant DNA has many positive effects and it has produced medications such as vaccines, antibiotics, and allergens. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Role Of Genetic Modifications" essay for you Create order Genetic Engineering is not only limited to DNA because Genetically Modified foods can also be produced from these methods. Genetic Engineering is used in fields such as medicine, industrial biotechnology and agriculture. In the Genetic Engineering of crops there are many risks factors involved. From these risks, objections have been raised that foods derived from the Genetically Engineered crops are unsafe to eat and the cultivation of these crops will harm the environment. Genetic Engineering possesses the possibility to carry certain risks to human health, however it also introduces a higher probability of benefits to nutrition values.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Genetic Engineering is a step into the future because of all the possibilities that are brought up by recombinant DNA. With the estimates indicating that the world population will climb above 7.5 billion by the year 2020 and 9 billion by 2050, the benefits of GM crops seem critical to producing the quantities of crops necessary for worldwide nourishment (Metcalfe). Recombinant DNA technology offers a powerful new tool to assist plant breeders to produce crops with improved characteristics, such as insect resistance, disease resistance, herbicide tolerance, and climatic tolerance, as well as with enhanced consumer benefits, such as improved flavor and texture, longer shelf life, and added nutritional values. When crop yields become predictable, then the food supply would become predictable as well. This gives the ability to provide well rounded nutrition abilities. These improved characteristics are essential for the future because the population of the wo rld is highly likely to increase.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are many objections that have brought up on Genetically Modified crops because people believe Genetically Modified Crops have several risk factors that are unaccounted for. The potential health hazard of each genetically transformed food includes the risk of allergenicity, which has led to strategies to monitor transformed crops for allergenic potential before release. In 2012, the American Association for the Advancement of Science summarized the consensus, writing that, The World Health Organization, the American Medical Association, the U.S. National Academy of sciences, the British Royal Society, and every other respected organization that has examined the evidence has come to the same conclusion: consuming foods containing ingredients derived from GM crops is no riskier than consuming the same foods containing ingredients from crop plants modified by conventional plant improvement techniques. (Sunstein). This demonstrates that, although there a re risk factors that negatively effect genetic engineering, the risks are highly speculative and GM food consumption has not caused any known health problems.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Genetic Engineering is beneficial to the nutrition because GM food is manipulated to add more nutritional values and greater resistance to herbicide. This modification also contributes to longer shelf life. For example, the Innate potato has been engineered to prevent bruising and browning, as well as to reduce the amount of the possible-carcinogen acrylamide released when the potato is fried (Sunstein). Carcinogen Acrylamide is a chemical produced when vegetables that contain the amino acid asparagine, such as potatoes, are heated to high temperatures in presence of certain sugars. Acrylamide exposures also increase the risk for several types of cancers, however Genetic Engineering of vegetables reduces the amount of Acrylamide released. This shows that Genetic Engineering reduces the risk for possible health problems that can be caused by vegetables.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Genetic engineering techniques allow for the introduction of new traits as well as greater control over traits when compared to previous methods, such as selective breeding and mutation breeding. In the United States, the large portion of food produced is from Genetic Engineering. In 2001, over 65% of the soybeans and over 25% of the corn grown in this country were genetically modified (Lessick). Biotechnicians have created fruits and vegetables that have disease, insect and herbicide resistance. For example, Papayas were genetically modified to resist the ringspot virus, which primarily affects the papaya trees. Unlike conventional breeding, in which new assortments of genes are created at random, Genetic Engineering allows specific genes to be identified, isolated, copied and introduced into other organisms in much more direct and controlled ways (Jones). Genetic Modification makes it possible to introduce foreign genes into crop plants and express thes e in specific tissues such as roots or leaves and not in others. This would highly likely improve crop protection against pests that attack only roots or leaves (Jones). GM technology can help to breed food crops with higher contents of micronutrients; a case in point is Golden Rice with provitamin A in the grain (Qaim).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Genetically Modified crops can improve nutrition content. Genetic Modifications add pest resistance and weather resistance to GMO crops. Through a process called pharming, it is possible to produce certain proteins and vaccines, along with other pharmaceutical goods, because of the use of genetic modifications. This practice offers cheaper methods of improving personal health and could change how certain medications are provided to patients in the future (Jones). The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations states that one of the positives of GMOs is that farmers can produce more nutritious food. Many foods are in the works for bio-fortification for this reason. Rice, for example, feeds 50 percent of the worlds population, so genetically modifying rice to have more vitamin A would reduce vitamin A deficiency in developing countries. In 2015, 94% of soybean acreage in the U.S. was genetically modified to be glyphosate-tolerant (Jones). Glyph osate is a herbicide that is widely used to kill weed, broadleaf plants, and grasses. The World Health Organization identified to glyphosate to be one of the causes of cancer in human. The Soybean produced through genetic modification is designed to be tolerant to this herbicide, therefore, it would reduce the risk of cancer. These bacterial antibiotic resistant genes that were introduced to into GM Plants as a selection marker for their primary transformation. US Food and Drug Administration has accepted arguments that these antibiotic resistant do not compromise safety.